The upcoming discussion will update you about the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Difference # Eukaryotic Cells:
1. The nucleus is enclosed by two concentric unit membranes.
2. Cytoplasm possesses several membranous structures, e.g., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes etc.
3. Cells possess mitochondria which are the sites of oxidative phosphorylation.
4. DNA is complexed with histone and non-histone proteins to form chromatin fibres.
5. The quantity of DNA per cell is many-fold greater than that in prokaryotes.
6. Ribosomes are of 80 S sizes; in plants, they dissociate into 60 S and 36 S subunits.
7. All green plants have typical chloroplasts which have typical grana.
8. Cytoplasm has a system of microtubules which may provide stability to the cytoplasm structures.
9. Most of the ribosomes are attached to endoplasmic reticulum; some ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm.
10. Nucleolus is present in the nucleus.
11. Chromosomes are linear and are composed of 300 Å chromatin fibres.
12. During cell division, spindle apparatus is organized; spindle fibres are associated with the movement of chromosomes/chromatids to the opposite poles of cells.
13. Chromosome ends are attached to the nuclear membrane (near anuli)
Difference # Prokaryotic Cells:
1. The region containing chromosome is not surrounded by a membrane.
2. Cytoplasm does not have ER and other membranous structures (except chromatophores in photosynthetic bacteria and blue-green algae).
3. Mitochondria are absent; oxidative phosphorylation is associated with plasma lemma.
4. Usually, DNA is naked and not complexed with histones.
5. The amount of DNA/cell is a small fraction of that observed in eukaryotic cells.
6. Ribosomes are of 70 S size; they are composed of 50 S and 30 S subunits.
7. Chloroplasts are not found. Blue green algae have lamellar photosynthetic structures but they do not have grana.
8. Cytoplasm does not have any microtubules.
9. All ribosomes are free in the cytoplasm.
10. Nucleolus is lack.
11. Chromosomes are usually circular and are made up of DNA.
12. Spindle fibres are lack. Chromosome movement is produced by enlargement of the plasma lemma to which they are attached.
13. Chromosomes are attached to plasma lemma.
No comments yet.